European Labour Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Analytical Techniques

Presentation An exploration regarding a matter has a few destinations to satisfy, particularly from measurable research examination the significant targets are to discover the portrayal of the information utilizing rundown measurements, it is basic for the information to incorporate reliant just as free factors. For the most part for business and market related examinations the information is commonly seen as multivariate comprising of numerous reliant and autonomous factors. So it turns into a need to pick which of the free factors are increasingly reasonable for the information examination. Here our point is with respect to multicollinearity of the information, why it develops and how might it be controlled. The conversation followed the article by Jeeshim and Kucc (2003), Multicollinearity in Regression Models (sites.stat.psu.edu, 2003). Along these lines all the conversations will be considered based on this article. Survey of the Article Multicollinearity is an issue in the event of relapse and should be checked before conclusive forecast. The point gives a total reference to multicollinearity in various autonomous factors. It likewise gives a definite procedure as for the information with which we can check for multicollinearity between the factors. Various information results has been utilized as models for legitimate clarification. From the connection grid it tends to be regularly seen that there is a solid straight relationship between two autonomous factors like the territory of the plot of the house and region of a house. These two factors speak to something very similar , for example one variable can be altogether anticipated from the other variable. This is the point at which the issue of multicollinearity emerges. We can then simply take any of the factors i.e.,replace one variable by another variable. Investigation and Discussion On the off chance that multicollinearity is looked at an extremely low level, at that point it's anything but a significant issue however for factors whose relationships are solid can make issues in expectations of the relapse condition. The estimations of the changes or standard blunders of the autonomous variable can be substantially more than expected. Another ramifications can be the p esteem which will be irrelevant now and again. As prior expressed there will be unavoidably enormous relationship coefficient between the factors . Again if the information are altered to a slight degree the subsequent coefficients will be changed to a great extent. On the off chance that the issues of any of these is apparent from the information, at that point it could be an issue of multicollinearity and must be checked previously in any case the relapse will give false gauges (Fekedulegn, 2002). The signs indicated above just gives a trace of multicollinearity, as albeit two free factors are exceptionally associated we can't call without a doubt that the factors are having multicollinearity, neither would we be able to affirm it from the criticalness level, standard mistake and coefficients of the autonomous factors. As to state there is no predetermined breaking point from which we can allude without a doubt event of multicollinearity, anyway a few estimates like the resistance esteem and the vif can be determined other than relapse and subsequently derive about multicollinearity somewhat. The resilience esteem is 1 - R square worth : which is the measure of the needy variable that can be anticipated by means of the free factors. A low estimation of R square can be considered as an issue of concern. I/R square gives the VIF, an enormous estimation of VIF involves concern however the specific cutoff esteem isn't normalized. In this investigation the examination is run in SAS where to ascertain multicollinearity three measures have been utilized : the resilience worth, VIF and the Collin investigation. The reliant variable considered is use inside autonomous factors age, lease, pay and inc_sq. Subsequently the relapse condition is utilized to foresee the estimation of use from the estimations of the variable age, lease, salary and inc_sq. The relapse model as run in SAS and from the estimation of the anova table it is seen that the relapse condition is a solid match as the criticalness worth may be .0008 which is significantly less than the ideal noteworthiness level. The estimation of R square is .2436. Age and inc_sq shows negetive affiliation while lease and salary shows positive relationship with use. The estimations of the standard mistakes are exceptionally enormous. From the resilience esteem it is seen that both pay and inc sq have an exceptionally low resistance level of .061 and .065 and in thi s manner extremely high fluctuation swelling of 16.33 and 15.21, indicating that the changeability of both the factors are more than expected. Accordingly these two factors have multicollinearity. Again from the collinearity diagnostics completed in SAS the relationship between the factors is checked by the variables eigen esteem and the restrictive list. Exceptionally little eigen esteems shows greater collinearity . Contingent file is the square foundation of the eigen esteem having most prominent worth separated by the relating eigen esteem. Enormous estimations of restrictive record shows the issue of collinearity. From the table in the article it is seen that the eigen estimations of salary and pay squared are near zero and therefore are collinear. Again from contingent file section it is seen that both of these factors have high qualities, the variable salary squared show a worth more prominent than 20. Likewise the extent of varieties table produced by SAS which shows the extent of variety created by the factors. The variable indicating more extent of variety contrasted with the Eigen esteem is considered to have multicollinearity (Neeleman, 1973). In this manner it has been confirmed from all viewpoints that the factors pay and pay squared show multicollinearity. The serious issue looked because of multicollinearity is that it decreases the position of the connection network and a lattice without having full position will give bogus arrangements and results and translations will be futile. Aside from factor investigation head part examination could be utilized to diminish the size of undesirable factors. Yet, it must be guaranteed that there are some space for information decrease like in this investigation we checked that the factors salary and income_sq show multicollinearity. In the foremost segment investigation the first grid with measurement n is partitioned through n eigen vectors and n eigen esteems and an inclining framework where the whole of the slanting network equivalents to 1. The eigen vectors and the eigen esteems are valuable approaches to surmise about the fluctuation of a variable (Jolliffe, 1986). To each e igen vector there exists an eigen esteem. The primary segments are chosen from the eigen esteems and the eigen vectors. Before making computations from the new framework it is confirmed from the estimations of prior relapse results and furthermore from the vif values the elements or factors indicating multicollinearity. Here likewise from the articles it has been confirmed from the VIF esteems the factors demonstrating multicollinearity. A changed network is shaped by increasing the old framework by the eigen vectors. Last relapse is again carried on the changed factors. Measurement is diminished for the variable having least eigen esteems and high restrictive lists. As obvious from the information in the investigation the factors pay and salary squared show the most extreme measure of variety. In any case, a disarray is made with respect to the variable to be expelled from the information to get legitimate forecasts. Hence a relationship lattice is made to check the relationship between the information. True to form the connection among's pay and salary square is extremely solid with a relationship of .963. to explain which among these two variable must utilized for decrease in measurement two graphical plots are directed one age versus pay and the other salary versus pay square. It is obvious from the diagram of salary of income_sq about their solid collinearity, however pay can be considered as a significant variable it has its belongings with other variables,i.e. it not just influences the forecast itself likewise assumes a significant job in foreseeing the information with relationship to different factors like age. It is realized that in relapse it isn't generally the individual impacts of the variabes yet in addition a consolidated impacts of the factors that could help in legitimate forecast. Along these lines salary is viewed as a significant variable which can be for no situation expelle d from the expectation. Income_sq speaks to nearly a similar thing as salary and along these lines rehashing a variable of same utilization twice is of no utilization for expectation. Likewise the variable being square of pay makes pointless disarray and weightage to the information. Along these lines the pay squared variable was chosen to be incorporated for measurement decrease (Neeleman, 1973). This idea of measurement decrease is the idea of head segment examination including just the components or factors that represent greatest difference in the information through the Eigen esteems. There head segment examination is a significant perspective for lessening the undesirable factors by including just the factors that are required for information forecast by utilizing the factors that makes the information to vary by various angle and barring the factors that has no part in this expectation and goes about as an additional stuff : naturally this factors are frequently observed to be those factors that makes a similar portrayal as different factors. Hence factors like this must be expelled already. There are a few conditions for conduction of the foremost segment investigation. Just numerical factors are to be incorporated and furthermore Uncorrelated factors can't be a piece of the foremost part investigation. Again there must be appropriate information assortment or test ass ortment actualized in any case the investigation would be futile. Before processing the central segment investigation it must be checked by means of different wellsprings of count that there are a few factors remembered for the information that show multicollinearity. PCA examination nay not generally be critical if there is a solid issue of anomalies. End After the variable I

Video Lesson Facts, Opinions Reasoned Judgments

Video Lesson Facts, Opinions Reasoned Judgments (8) Length: 1:02 Recognizing the difference between fact, opinion, and reasoned judgment statements is an essential skill, one which is often touched upon and reviewed in school. Students need to be able to distinguish between these three types of statements in order to write persuasive pieces, develop proper theses, communicate and engage in debates, and critically analyze information. If you’re looking for a short video to refresh your students’ thinking on the topic, share Facts, Opinions, and Reasoned Judgments: What’s the Difference with them. In just over a minute, your students will learn: The three different ways information can be presented (facts, opinions, reasoned judgments) Definitions for facts, opinions, and reasoned judgments Examples and explanations for each statement type If your students decide to use facts, opinions, and reasoned judgments from outside sources to back up the claims in their writing and research projects, remind them to make citations! ’s citation generator creates citations in MLA style, APA style, and thousands of other citation styles. In less than a minute, students can responsibly credit other authors’ works. Remind your students of this important step in the research process.

Organisational Behaviour In Life Experiences Of Teams - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3280 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Life Experience Essay Did you like this example? The assignment brings out the discussion over the organisational behaviour in life experience of team work in organisation or in classroom activities. Organisational behaviour in a team work plays a vital role and it is the topic has been discussed for a very long time and now nearly everyone knows about its concepts. Simply the organisations wont perform but the one person or many people. When it comes to organisations there should be a team work and perform individuals cant perform whatever they want in an organization they have to form a team and perform individually as well as teams. So when forming a team, organizational behaviour influences toward its success. Organizational Behaviours is the key aspect to maintain and enhance interaction levels amongst people in the organizations. Other attributes like leadership, motivation, decision making, openness to discuss problems, challenge-initiative is all in the base concept of Organizational behaviour to h elp the business achieve its strategic and in some business objectives. The proper definition of organizational behaviour with its understanding and management has resulted in development of few key offshoots to the concept of Organizational behaviours In my view a personality behaviour means how can we describe a person, how this person differences from the others behaviour, how we can measure the characteristics and differences. Psychometrics is also the most important related to the assessment and measurement of the personality, aptitude, intelligence. It is like the unique character of the individual and measure and understands the differences between the individuals. I think the term itself indicates the properties of behaviour which are both enduring and set the individual apart from others. These properties concern the individuals typical ways of coping with life. I am going to explain a few words about the group because it will explain the importance of individual in t he group. The group may spend a lot of time on the each stage, but some groups never reaching the final stages because the personality and levels of dominance of each member may play a large part in the failure or success of the group and its ability to progress through the different stages, the time goes by changes occur, such as new members joining the group or old members leaving the group may re-enter the cycle and begin the development of the process all over again. In this assignment i am going to use the Leadership theory and Motivation Maslows theory. These theories are best suitable for my opinions or views that are raised in my experience and i like those theories a lot so the two theories are chosen. Let me start with those theories Leadership theory A simple definition of leadership is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. Leadership is one of the most hotly debated topics in management studies, soc ial psychology and organisational psychology (Pfeiffer 1993). Despite the depth and breadth of debate concerning leadership effectiveness, it remains an elusive construct. As a result, researchers and practitioners have not reached a consensus on a true and concise definition that represents an accurate depiction of effective leadership in all situations and possibilities. The leadership is one of the effective concepts and well defined as: Treat people with politeness, respect and dignity and in doing so create a strong role model for others to follow. Building a reputation of fairness gives you a buffer against the times when the policy is wrong or you behave badly Gratton (2000:206) According to Nathan F. Iannone, leadership can be defined as the art of influencing, directing, guiding, and controlling others in such a way as to obtain their willing obedience, confidence, respect and loyal cooperation in accomplishment of an objective. Leadership is about the future an d about how do I tap into the group orientation (into what everybody shares). According to Jago (1982) the quality and the qualified, good leaders are not born instead they are made with the influenza ion of the training and the self-assessment, developing skills by improvising others. The natural people ability is also evaluated as a measure of walk their talk. The fascination of the leadership is much higher in terms of the charismatic leader. The leadership based on this charismatic model is really being focused towards the vision and also the ability and the talents are naturally born and also termed as gift. The natural leader adapts the tapping of their inner resources and also natural leaders are more often generalist (Stonefield, 1992:3). The leadership theory based on this contingency model states that there is no particular model of leadership which suits as appropriate in all times of situation. The variables are the basic elements and the preliminary components which determine the success rather than the leadership style which we intend to follow or insist. The leadership has a quality in order to follow the vital roles and also in order to perform the action depending and assessing the situation through various means (Cherry, 2010). The trait approach to personality is one of the major theoretical areas in the study of personality. The trait theory suggests that individual personalities are composed broad dispositions. Consider how you would describe the personality of a close friend. Chances are that you would list a number of traits, such as outgoing, kind and even-tempered. A trait can be thought of as a relatively stable characteristic that causes individuals to behave in certain ways. Unlike many other theories of personality, such as psychoanalytic or humanistic theories, the trait approach to personality is focused on differences between individuals. The combination and interaction of various traits forms a personality that is u nique to each individual. Trait theory is focused on identifying and measuring these individual personality characteristics. According to Offer Mann, Hanges and Day (2001) much of the discourse on the internal characteristics of leadership over recent years has focused on values and ethics. They argue that disillusionment and a lack of confidence in political leadership have been generated by the particular values that political leaders use to motivate their actions. As a result, Offermann, Hanges and Day (2001) claim that the world is more aware of the importance that values play in leadership effectiveness and success. In addition, it has been shown that particular types of leaders attract different followers depending on their value types (Ehrhart Klein 2001). McShane (2001) argues that in order to motivate, influence, be liked and respected, a leaders values need to align themselves with those of their employees and to reflect integrity, honesty, compassion and assertiveness . The contingency leadership is one of the effective leadership techniques and also has an ability to act as a vital tool in establishing the focus on variables in an environment in order to determine the situations which really opt for our behaviour in any kind of situation. The leadership theory based on this contingency model states that there is no particular model of leadership which suits as appropriate in all times of situation. The variables are the basic elements and the preliminary components which determine the success rather than the leadership style which we intend to follow or insist. The leadership has a quality in order to follow the vital roles and also in order to perform the action depending and assessing the situation through various means (Cherry, 2010). My definition of Leadership is being able to: inspire others, motivate, set a vision, communicate, respect others, and lead by example. A leader must have an honest understanding of who they are, what they know, and what they are capable of. To be successful person you have to convince your followers, not yourself or your superiors. In my opinion this can build confidence in your followers in their faith in you to be able to lead. Followers Different person require different styles of leadership. For example, a company I was working requires more supervision than an experienced employee. A person who lacks motivation requires a different approach than anyone with a high degree of motivation. You must know your people! The fundamental starting point is having a good understanding of human nature, such as needs, emotions, and motivation. You must come to know your employees be, know, and do attributes. Communication Communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one person to another person; it involves a sender transmitting an idea, information, or feeling to a receive. What and how you communicate either builds or harms the relationship between you a nd your employees. Situation Situations are different from all time. Leader is an individual who can use different leadership styles based on the situations .decide the best course of action and the leadership style needed for each situation. For example, you may need to confront an employee for inappropriate behaviour, but if the confrontation is too late or too early, too harsh or too weak, then the results may prove ineffective. Also note that the situation normally has a greater effect on a leaders action than his or her traits. This is because while traits may have an impressive stability over a period of time, they have little consistency across situations (Mischel, 1968). This is why a number of leadership scholars think the Process Theory of Leadership is a more accurate than the Trait Theory of Leadership. Every organisation is subdivided into two different categories such as formal and informal. The organisation when seen as external spectator it appears to be formal with its will defined mission statement, policies and procedure and organisation structure charts, but this is just the tip of the great iceberg floating underneath in the form of informal organisation which a manger has to face. This informal organisation includes informal leaders which have no formal authority given by organisation but they have their influence on many employees, to maintain good relation with such informal leaders as sometimes they can help in getting things done. Internally organisation is subdivided into many groups based on their nature of job, their ethnicity, their culture, their language having their own norms and sentiments managers need to identify such groups and make consistent effort to maintain peace in groups by serving the role of mediator, for smooth running of organisation. Organisation consist of another route of power which can be said as counter organisation, that can be seen in the form of labour unions which are formed to keep check on organisation and make sure that profit hungry organisation dont exploit them. Such counter organisations are needed to be handled with great care. It can be said informal organisations are formed by the people of organisation to satisfaction of their cultural needs and a sense of personal identity and personal belonging. It also provides means to highlight deficiencies in the formal organisation such as excess time taken to complete a task. MASLOW THOERY OF MOTIVATION Motivation is a fundamental driving force behind people behaviour and performance. When the research was done to explain different aspects of motivation from an organisational behavioural perspective many theories or models used to describe the topic of motivation basically it is described as the extent to which persistent effort is directed towards a goal. It is very important to know about different types of motivation theories and their implementation in a group or organisation. These motivation theories spec ify the kinds of needs people has and condition in which they would want to exemplify these needs. Motivation can be internal or external. Example of external motivation is Deadlines. The fear of losing a contract or of not finishing a job on time you started is an example of internal motivation. Both internal and external motivation can be equally powerful. Why i am using this Maslows theory to reflect on my behaviour in group situations. This theory comes under content theories of motivation. There is significant relationship between behaviour and motivation particularly between group and individuals. Motivations of group have a serious impact on individual behaviour likewise the motivation of an individual can have serious impact on group. Abraham Maslow theory was proposed by Dr. Abraham Maslow in 1943, this theory is general overview of human motivation. His theory strikes a distinctive sense of balance between biological and social needs that integrates many motivational concepts. According to Maslow individual needs are set in a hierarchy, and everyone must satisfy their basic needs before they can satisfy their higher needs. The hierarchy is many times portrayed, as a pyramid beginning with physiological needs at the bottom and self-actualization at the top of this pyramid. The needs at the lower level are the most basic. These basic needs must be satisfy well before an individual can become concern with the higher needs like physiological needs, safety needs, security needs, social needs, law and affection, esteem needs. These needs must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs deficiency needs. As long as we are motivated to satisfy these craving, people are moving toward growth, self-actualization, satisfying needs is healthy, which preventing gratification makes us sick or act evilly. Gareth Morgan suggests that employees are people with complex needs that must be satisfied if they are to lead perform effecti vely in a work place. Employees perform best when they are motivated by task, which will earn them some reward that satisfies their personal needs. Abraham Maslows theory of motivation most widely famous as hierarchy of needs states that human needs when arranged in form of hierarchy, ascending from lowest to the highest, as soon as need at lower level gets completed, the need at next level servers to be a motivator. Maslow divided human needs into five main categories such as physiological which include basic needs for sustaining life like food, water, shelter and sleep. According to Abraham Maslow there are five different levels in hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing Needs Self-actualizing Needs is the highest level of Maslows hierarchy of need. People are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential. Esteem Needs Esteem needs include the things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment. Social Needs Social needs include belonging, love and affection. Maslow considered these needs to be less basic than physiological and security needs. Relationships such as friendships, love, romantic attachments and families help fulfil this need for companionship and acceptance, as does involvement in social, community or religious groups. Security Needs Security needs include safety and security. Security needs are important for survival, but they are not as demanding as the physiological needs. Examples of security needs include a desire for steady employment, health insurance, safe neighbourhoods and shelter from the environment. Physiological Needs A physiological need is low needs. These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as the need for water, air, food and sleep. Maslow believed that these needs are the most basic and instinctive needs in the hierarchy because all needs become second ary until these physiological needs are met. Maslow was correct when he said that one need has to be fulfilled before we can move to the next one. Without sufficient amount sleep I wouldnt be able to think of nothing but sleep. Also if I am hungry food will be the only thing on my mind. But because each day I satisfy these basic needs I am able to think about other things because these needs are no longer controlling my thoughts. Next priority is given to security which includes freedom from physical danger and other fears like losing job, property, food, or shelter. Since people are social animals they need to belong, to be accepted by others, hence acceptance third in the list of needs. Once people satisfy their need to belong esteem needs emerge in the form of satisfactions as power, prestige, status and self-esteem and at last when all the other needs are satisfied need for self-actualization which is the desire to maximize ones potential and achieve something. Applying th is theory many organisations where suggested to motivate their employees by monetary gains or assuring security of their job. , Koontz, H, Weihrich (2008), Morgan (2006). There was a research conducted by Douglas T Hall and Khalil Nongame which studied needs of hierarchy involving a group of managers over a time span of five years. They found that there was no strong evidence of hierarchy, as managers get promoted in organisation their physiological needs tend to decrease, while on other hand needs for self-actualization tend to increase H, Koontz , H, Weihrich(2008). Upcoming flaws of Maslows theory the process theory of motivation stated, with the study of ones decision making process and determining how individual behaviour is energised, directed and maintained. The major process theory of motivation includes expectancy theory, equity theory, goal setting theory and reinforcement theory. In my classroom activities I am relating this theorys to my classroom activities in a g roup. When considered my experience in a group situation once while doing a group presentation in collage we all are five people. We had a 20 days time to presentation and from first day we all thought to meet at my place but no one turn up this happened many time every one say some other reason. It happened for all 19 day only 1 day left to submit the presentation than I thought to divide the task to my group members. Each one is assign a separate task and the task should complete before the particular schedule time. With this I emerge as leader that made me influenza ion as Leadership. Not only Leadership but also motivation In order to sleep tonight I have to complete my task of presentation before sleep. I need to satisfy my physiological need that is to sleep in time. I should complete the presentation before night CONCLUSION According to the trait theory the question arises of weather a leader is born or developed. There is no defined answer as many theorists have differ ent answers to this. Understanding the concepts from above of motivation its rewards systems as to how useful it is for a leader to understand how it can be utilized in getting work done from people, decision making and its importance in growing more efficient, managing change and adapting quickly to it, understanding human perceptions and how they affect management, understanding the value of power in an organization without which a leader is nothing, politics and control and the other factors finally lead towards the understanding that leaders are developed. Many individuals may be born with the skill to be a leader this does not prove that he grows up to be an effective leader. However he can develop the ability to become one. Experience and the urge to learn can help one become an efficient leader. According to my understanding a person might be born with natural abilities to become a leader. This assignment is very useful to assess my past behaviour to the present behaviour and ways to develop the behaviour and to assess the performance by using these theories in a group. These are the two oldest theories what I used because older principles are the basic for anything i.e. the applications should follows the basic principle. Only few people are reached the self-actualization concept in the Leadership theory and Maslows theory. I am very much willing to taste that step. So I am going to putting my effort in this way and also looking the ways to develop. In my opinion if the group activities are conducted from the child hood they will be a very useful to the individual to improve their personality, behaviour and from that the concept of Leadership and motivation skills will also improve for the betterment of the future. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organisational Behaviour In Life Experiences Of Teams" essay for you Create order

Essay on Business Research for Decision Making - 1696 Words

Business Research for Decision Making The work of decision making involves choosing between issues that require attention, setting goals, designing suitable courses of action and choosing among several alternatives through the evaluation of each one of the alternatives. Of great importance in decision making is the choosing between the several alternatives. The effectiveness of this work of decision making is of great importance for the well being of every business activity and determines the success of every business (Kay Miranda). In the business setup, decisions that can be made could include product improvement, choice of an investment plan, business expansion and areas of improvement. For business leaders and thus the entire†¦show more content†¦The first assesses the degree to which repeated researches yield the same results; the second is based on the stability of measurements over time while the third is based on the similarity of measurements within a given period of time. On the other hand, Joppe (200 0) suggested that a valid research is one that truly measures what it was intended to measure. In other words, a valid research is one that provides true results. Quantitative research involves the use of experimental and quantitative measures to test general hypotheses (Hoepfl, 1997). Golafshani (2003) suggested that quantitative research is based on the measurement and the analysis of the causal relationship between variables. Through quantitative research, the researcher is familiarized with the concept to be studied and generates the hypothesis to be tested. As such, the mathematical process takes the norm for analyzing the numeric data and the information gathered takes a numeric form that can be quantified and summarized. Moreover, according to Charles (1995), the final result of the quantitative research is usually expressed in statistical terminologies. Another aspect of quantitative research, as seen from Golafshani (2003), is that it emphasizes on the facts and causal. Therefore, a qualitative researcher should construct an instrument, standardize it and administer it according to predetermined procedures. However, the concern, acc ording to Golafshani (2003), is on itsShow MoreRelatedResearch Methodology : Methods And Data For The Purpose Of Making Business Decisions Essay1871 Words   |  8 Pages(Kothari, 2004, p. 8)â€Å"Research Methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem†. In another definition of the Research Methodology, based on (Research Methodology, 2016)â€Å"The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business decisions. The methodology may include published research, interviews, surveys and other research techniques, and could include both present and historical information†. 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Research indicates that 64% of C-suite have the final sign-off on purchases. Overview Hello! Thanks for your question about who makes the buying decisions in the business to business training field. The short version is that Below you will find a deep dive of my findings. METHODOLOGY Read MoreImportance Of Business Ethics On Previous And Current Literature Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesImportance of business ethics in previous and current literature Previous Methodologies used for Studying Business Ethics Majority of the literature reviewed relied heavily on questionnaires and surveys as the chosen methodology. According to Rowley (2014), questionnaires are the â€Å"most widely used means of collecting data† (p. 308). However, when designing a questionnaire or survey researchers should consider the type of questions being used, sensitivity of questions asked, content and length

Barbie Goes To China Free Essays

The impact of the recent global financial crisis is vividly seen in the reaction that consumer brands and retail stores are having with regard to their survival. In Europe, the reaction has been drastic, with automobile manufacturers offering huge discounts and trade ins just to boost their sales. In the United States, manufacturers have slashed their prices and offered massive discounts. We will write a custom essay sample on Barbie Goes To China or any similar topic only for you Order Now While there is nothing fundamentally wrong with reducing profit margins to increase or improve earnings, this could be a problem in the long run because it can result in a deterioration of the brand image. The conundrum that exists now is the decision that companies must make regarding improving expenses in the short term and brand image in the long run. The article entitled, Barbie Goes to China, provides and interesting take on this puzzle that companies are now facing. Using the example of Barbie, the authors cite the struggles that Mattel has had in the American market. It shows that there has been a decline in Barbie sales because of the image that has been attached to the brand. There is no room for Barbie to change the way that she is perceived. This in turn affects the marketability of Barbie, especially in the United States market. Instead, what the article suggests is that the focus should be on maintaining the brand image. Citing the moves that other companies have done, the emphasis falls on being able to choose between sacrificing brand image and maintaining a profit. Several companies have decided to do a mix and offer discount sales for certain items while keeping other items full priced. In relation to Barbie and Mattel, there is a unique opportunity for the company to capitalize on the growing Chinese market and create a new brand image for itself. From a marketing standpoint, there are two important lessons that can be gleaned here. The first is that there is nothing wrong with trying to survive, particularly when the economic crisis has promised to be deep and widespread. In an effort to prevent a total loss, companies have capitalized on the public’s perception and reduced their prices while presumably offering the same quality goods they have always provided. In the same vein, they have tried to protect the image by putting less emphasis on the profit margins and more emphasis on their products. It is also in this part where the brand image that has been created is crucial because it could be detrimental to the brand in the long run. The second lesson to be learnt here is that there are other options. There are several layers of customers and the top tier and loyal customers are not averse to supporting their favorite brands. Top brands such as Mattel need to understand that during uncertain times the one thing that you can count on are the loyal customers. They are willing to overlook the overpriced goods as long as they get what they want. This is what brands need to take advantage of. While there is certain merit in these assertions, it is wise not to forget the economic fundamentals that are applicable. It can be said that the loyal clientele will always be there but this is not always the case. The reaction is so much more different when one examines an inelastic good and one examines an elastic good. Demand can be inflexible to changes in income if the good is inelastic but it can flexible when it comes to elastic goods. When people need to decide between Barbies and Guccis and buying food or paying their mortgage payments, it is a whole different dynamic and the lessons embodied in this article may no longer hold. How to cite Barbie Goes To China, Papers

The Concept of Justice in Platos Republic free essay sample

An analysis of the concept of justice as seen in this work. Socrates conception of justice as presented in this work is examined. The definition is then compared to a modern, democratic understanding of justice. A discussion of justice in terms of the individual versus the society as a whole is presented. `In Part Five of Platos Republic, entitled Justice in State and Individual the philosopher Socrates states that I believe justice is the requirement we laid down at the beginning as of universal application when we founded our state, or else some particular form of it. This statement is likely to set the modern reader up for a certain false assumption about the fundamental political structure of Platos Republic. Because of the phrase that `justice for all` is the cornerstone of American notions of democratic governance, it is tempting to ascribe similar notions to Socrates, a man presumed to be one of the founders of liberal thought, as the philosopher was a citizen of ancient, democratic Athens. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Justice in Platos Republic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (204)`

Why Learning Fractions Is so Important

Why Learning Fractions Is so Important It seems that many teachers will agree that teaching fractions can be complex and confusing, but that understanding fractions is a necessary skill for students to have as they get older. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution addresses how math is being taught in a recent article titled, Are we forcing too many students to take high-level math theyll never use? The author, Maureen Downey, notes that as a nation, we keep raising the bar for our students math performance, and observes that despite these high-level courses, many students are struggling with the complex teachings. Some teachers argue that schools may be advancing students too quickly, and they arent truly mastering basic skills like fractions. While some higher-level math courses are only crucial for certain industries, basic mathematical skills like understanding fractions, are crucial for everyone to master. From cooking and carpentry to sports and sewing, we cant escape fractions in our daily lives. Fractions Can Be Hard to Learn This isnt a new topic of discussion. In fact, in 2013, an article in the Wall Street Journal talked about what parents and teachers already know when it comes to math- fractions are hard for many students to learn. In fact, the article cites statistics that half of eighth graders can’t put three fractions in order of size. As many students struggle to learn fractions, which usually are taught in third or fourth grade, the government is actually funding research into how to help kids learn fractions. Instead of using rote methods to teach fractions or relying on old techniques such as pie charts, the newer methods of teaching fractions use techniques to help kids really understand what fractions mean through number lines or models. For example, the educational company, Brain Pop, offers animated lessons and homework help to aid kids in understanding concepts in math and in other subjects. Their Battleship Numberline allows kids to bomb a battleship using fractions between 0 and 1, and after students play this game, their teachers have found that the students intuitive knowledge of fractions increases. Other techniques to teach fractions include cutting paper into thirds or sevenths to see which fraction is bigger and what denominators mean. Other approaches include using new terms for words such as â€Å"denominator† such as â€Å"the name of the fraction,† so students understand why they can’t add or subtract fractions with different denominators. Using number lines helps kids compare different fractions- something that is hard for them to do with traditional pie charts, in which a pie divided into pieces. For example, a pie divided into sixths can look a lot like a pie divided into sevenths. In addition, the newer approaches emphasize understanding how to compare fractions before students go on to learn procedures such as adding, subtracting, dividing, and multiplying fractions. In fact, according to the Wall Street Journal article, placing fractions on a number line in the correct order in third grade is a more important predictor of fourth-grade math performance than calculation skills or even the ability to pay attention. In addition, studies show that a student’s ability to understand fractions in fifth grade is also a predictor of long-term math achievement in high school, even after controlling for IQ, reading ability, and other variables. In fact, some experts regard the understanding of fractions as the door to later math learning, and as the foundation of more advanced math and science classes such as algebra, geometry, statistics, chemistry, and physics. The Importance of Understanding Fractions in Early Grades Math concepts such as fractions that students do not master in the early grades can go on to confuse them later on and to cause them a great deal of math anxiety. The new research shows that students need to intuitively understand concepts rather than just to memorize language or symbols, as such rote memorization does not lead to long-term understanding. Many math teachers do not realize that the language of math can be confusing to students and that students must understand the concepts behind the language. Students who attend public schools now must learn to divide and multiply fractions by fifth grade, according to federal guidelines known as the Common Core Standards that are followed in most states. Studies have shown that public schools outperform private schools in math, partly because public school math teachers are more likely to know and follow the latest research related to teaching math. Even though most private school students do not need to demonstrate mastery of Common Core Standards, private school math teachers can also use new techniques to teach students fractions, thereby opening the door to later math learning.

Word Choice Farther vs. Further - Proofread My Paper

Word Choice Farther vs. Further - Proofread My Paper Word Choice: Farther vs. Further â€Å"Farther† and â€Å"further† mean the same thing, right? Well, sometimes. But in American English we distinguish between these terms in some contexts, so it’s worth knowing the difference. This is especially true in academic and other formal writing, where precision is vital. To find out how these terms should be used, learn the traditional distinction below. Farther (Physical Distance) Although these terms are increasingly used interchangeably, technically, â€Å"farther† is reserved for discussing physical distances. As such, we might say: The library is farther down the road from here than the post office. Here, â€Å"farther† simply means â€Å"at a greater distance,† since it’s the comparative form of â€Å"far.† The same rule applies to â€Å"farthest,† which means â€Å"at the greatest physical distance.† It might be worth distinguishing between farther and a father, while were at it. Further (Metaphorical Distance) So, how does â€Å"further† differ? When referring to physical distance, not at all. As such, it would be correct to say: The library is further down the road from here than the post office. This means exactly the same thing as using â€Å"farther† in the same sentence. However, â€Å"further† is also used for figurative or non-physical distances. For instance, if we were referring to something that happens at a later point in time, we’d have to use â€Å"further†: Proofreading happens further along in the publication process than editing. Likewise, â€Å"further† is used when referring to things such as how far prices rise and fall or the point we’ve reached in a book: Before you read any further, stop and reflect on the themes in this chapter. If referring to the greatest figurative distance, â€Å"furthest† is the correct term to use. This â€Å"metaphorical† sense of â€Å"further† is also reflected in its use to mean â€Å"additional,† such as when we say that something requires â€Å"further study.† In all of these cases, using â€Å"farther† would be incorrect according to the conventional distinction. Farther or Further? The good news is that â€Å"further† is usually correct regardless of context. Throw in the fact that â€Å"farther† is much less common these days, as shown in this n-gram chart, and you might be safer using â€Å"further† for all senses of the word. Farther or further? However, if you want to ensure in your work, it’s a good idea to maintain the traditional distinction between â€Å"farther† and â€Å"further.† Remember: Farther = At a greater physical distance Further = At a greater figurative or non-physical distance

Sandy Hook Evacuation plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sandy Hook Evacuation plans - Essay Example Rousseau later hid most of the students into the bathroom before the shooter arrived in the classroom. Altimari, Mahony & Lender (2013) explained that Diane Day, the school therapist together with teachers and students withdrew to the gymnasium and locked the door. Most teachers while in hidden safety places protected the students and dialed 911 for help. Some teachers communicated through cell phones on the appropriate measures to evacuate students from the school. The school bus driver together with some students ran to a nearby home for protection. The entire neighborhood after hearing the shootings in the school decided to offer help to the children. Some neighbors with cars drove into the school and rescued some students to safer areas outside the school (Altimari, Mahony, & Lender, 2013). Rick Throne, a custodian in the school, rescued six first-grade students to a nearby gas station before calling the police for help. The Newton police on arrival at the scene evacuated the survivors room by room. Altimari, Mahony & Lender (2013) demonstrated that the police escorted groups of teacher and students from the hiding places away from the school. Danbury Hospital ambulance arrived at the scene and evacuated the wounded patients to the hospital for treatment. Altimari, D., Mahony, H.E., & Lender, J. (March 13, 2013). Newtown shootings: Adam Lanza Researched Mass Murderers, Sources Say. Hartford Courant. Retrieved from

Legal Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Legal Issues - Essay Example Very recently, an international incident happened to precisely involves a competition between two equally-important values: free speech and religious freedom. Last year, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published a series of cartoons – twelve in all – about Islam and the Prophet Mohammad that was deemed offensive by the Islamic community at large. To illustrate, one cartoon showed Mohammad with a turban in the shape of a bomb. The issue generated international controversy. Some newspapers outside Denmark reprinted the cartoons in support of the concept of free speech. Flemming Rose, the culture editor of the newspaper, stated: The cartoonists treated Islam the same way they treat Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism and other religions. And by treating Muslims in Denmark as equals they made a point: We are integrating you into the Danish tradition of satire because you are part of our society, not strangers. The cartoons are including, rather than excluding, Muslims. On the other hand, the Islamic community demonstrated their outrage at the cartoons through worldwide protests and calls of boycotts. They condemned the drawings as a form of hate speech and decried what they consider to be the offensive depiction of the Prophet Mohammad as well as the not-so-subtle link made between Islam and terrorism. This whole controversy makes a very interesting case for examining the role of the law in settling disputes that involve competing legal concepts reflective of competing values. There is a clear diversity issue at stake, it is not difficult to give credence to the arguments of Muslims all over the world that such depiction of their leader will foment even further inter-religious conflict, will marginalize Muslims and will be a setback for the cause of diversity and pluralism. On the other hand, there is no dispelling the argument as well that free speech is a right that should be cherished and protected. It protects not

Personal Identity :: essays research papers

Personal Identity Personal Identity can be broken down into three areas: 1.) Body 2.) Memory and 3.) Soul. In John Perry's "A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality" these composing aspects of personal identity are discussed at length. In the reading and class discussions the body was defined clearly as a part of one's person, even alluded to at times as a "prison" in which one cannot escape until one dies. Memory and one's Soul seemed to be lumped together many times, understandably so, for the two bare many things in common such as they are intangible, cannot be completely defined as to what each exactly is (people remember things that did not actually happen to them, are those still memories?; do you have one soul throughout your life?), and both are thought to compose one's character and beliefs. This essay will deal with the two aspects of one's personal identity which are the most obvious in day to day life, that of the body and of soul/memory. As stated beforehand, memory and the soul bare many of the same qualities. The body and soul, however, also share this trait. Perry illustrates in his essay that the body and soul are similar because there is a "link" between one another, that is they both make up a person and are responsible for the qualities associated with being an individual (height, weight, character, belief, etc.). Perry also comes back to challenge this using the analogy of a river. If one goes to a river, and then the next day goes back to the same river, the person will not say that it is a different river, although almost all of the properties of the river have changed (water molecules, pollution level, temperature, etc.). This is the same with a person, for we say that a person at adolescence is still the same person at adulthood, even though the the persons beliefs, knowledge, and character may have changed over the years. Perry answers this problem by saying that we can still regard the person as the same by the relative "similarity" of the person to how they were in the past, and that "[the] sameness of body is a reliable sign of sameness of all; of soul" . In another example, Perry differentiates between the body and the soul by saying that "personal identity" (referring to the soul/mind) cannot be based on bodily identity, for one can judge who one is without having to make any judgments about the body. Perry continues to elaborate on this by saying even if he woke

Greatest Chinese Inventions

The Greatest Chinese Inventions Gene R. Kelsey Strayer University The ancient Chinese culture produced major inventions that some of which still are relevant and useful to our modern culture all over world even today. When an Italian merchant named Marco Polo traveled to China in during the Song Dynasty in 1271 he discovered a place so technologically advanced far greater than any Western European nation of its time. The following is a listing of 9 important inventions instrumental to our growth as modern Human Beings.It would be a technical pilgrimage for me to win this contest. I would love to visit China. (1) The Process of Paper making. Although first used as wrapping and padding for over 100 years before it became a medium for writing upon around AD 105. Paper along with printing changed the way the world documented everything from history to science and many years later paper currency. Even though our modern culture is moving away from paper it will always be used in one form o r another. There is no such thing as electronic toilet paper. 2) The invention of the printing press with moveable text symbols by Bi Sheng. It was this invention that was eventually taken over to the West and used by Gutenberg for the printing of the Bible. Needless to say, this had a profound effect on the nature of knowledge and the development of literature, (The Franklin Institute). (3) Gun Powder and Fireworks. The use of gunpowder in weapons gave those with access to the technology a greater ability to protect themselves from enemies or to conquer and control others. It greatly affected the balance of power in many parts of the world.Whether we agree or not the invention of Gun Powder and the weapons that followed were huge game changers for Humanity. (4) The Compass which was really pre-dated by the discovery of magnetism by the Chinese which was first noted in a book from the Song Dynasty. However, the first suspended magnetic needle compass was written of by Shen Kuo in hi s book of AD 1088. The wet Compass was the most used. Eventually the Dry Compass took shape but was not as well accepted by the Chinese. (The Science Forum 2007) (5) The Great Wall of China. One of the wonders of the world its construction began in 221 BC in an effort to keep Mongol invaders out. The Sui Emperor Yang Di began the reconstruction and repairs of the wall around the 600’s AD. Hundreds of thousands of laborers were used to do the work. As some perished they were buried where they fell and remain in the wall. It is the biggest man made structure on earth and is said to be the only one visible from space. However, upon going to the NASA web site (www. nasa. gov/vision/space/workinginspace/great_wall. html) you will find some contradiction to that story.Only from low level orbit can it be made out to the unaided eye. (6) Cast Iron. In the 4th century BCE due to the prior discovery of refractory clays to allow for construction of a blast furnace that could handle the heat required to melt down iron the Chinese were able to pour and mold cast iron. That along with the use of phosphorus to reduce the heat required using coal as the fuel. With the development of annealing ploughshares, longer swords, and buildings were also using iron in their construction. (Asiasociety. Org). (7) Row Crop Planting 6th Century BC. 200 years before the western world adapted this practice the Chinese were growing stronger crops much faster than previously done by planting in rows. This process allows for greater access to the plant for watering, weeding, and harvesting along with greater protection for the plant from the elements. This practice is still used today as it still remains the perfect way to grow and harvest. (8) Deep Drilling. Around the 1st Century BC the technology to drill deep bore holes using equipment that would be recognizable today.They used Derricks that towered has high as 180 feet and could reach depths of 4800 feet. They captured natural gas i n bamboo tubes to use as fuel for evaporating water by boiling brine to produce salt. There is also evidence that they may have burned it in lanterns for light. It wasn’t until the 1800’s before western nations adapted the use of deep drilling. (9) Porcelain. To this day Chinese porcelain is prized by all cultures. The process of using materials such as glass and mineral compounds in a kiln at high heat. Invented during the Sui Dynasty and perfected in the Tang Dynasty most notably by Tao-yue (c. 08 – c. 678). By the time the Sung Dynasty it reached its peak around the 10th century. It wasn’t until over 500 years later the monopoly was broken by a German Physicist Tschirnhausen who invented European porcelain. Generally speaking most scholars believe the 1st four I have in order are the most important contributions to humanity. Although the greatest written works of man may have eventually reached the pages of a book using other materials other than paper . And printing hadn’t been created when it was following paper by the Chinese.Take the time to consider the Chinese were hundreds of years or more ahead of the west so think how many works would have been lost if man continued to carve in wood and write on cloth. And of course Gun Powder which led to fireworks and firearms. And lastly the compass so one can find their way home at the end of the fireworks show. I think the greatest invention from the Chinese is their diverse culture. China is one of the four ancient civilizations (alongside Babylon, India, and Egypt) with 3600 years of written history. Out of the nine I have chosen Cast Iron which eventually became steel as something I couldn’t live without as I do.The Chinese invented the process but it wasn’t perfected until a British inventor names Henry Bessemer mass produced it in his facility in Sheffield, England in 1856. Steel is still produced using the process of blowing air through molten pig iron to o xidize the material to separate the impurities. Why would I choose cast iron and steel? All my life I have worked with iron and steel. I build cars and restore them by welding in new metal where old has rusted away. I build iron gates and art work with iron and steel. I have my work adorning many friends and family’s homes.The art of blacksmithing holds great interest for me. What other material on earth is so strong yet can be heated and molded into any shape. While doing research for this paper I ran into some of the writings of Shen Kuo. We have been studying the Renaissance of Italy. Shen Kuo was the Leonardo da Vinci of China. He was a mathematician, astronomer, meteorologist, geologist, zoologist, botanist, pharmacologist, agronomist, archeologist, ethnographer, cartographer, encyclopedias, general, diplomat, hydraulic engineer, inventor, academy chancellor, finance minister and it goes on.In the Song Dynasty he was the head of the bureau of astronomy in the Song court. One of the greatest Western sinologists of this century, Joseph Needham wrote â€Å"The Science and Civilization in China†. This Book is now one of the main references about Shen Kuo’s work in a western language. What this tells me is that genius is not limited to the west or east. The Renaissance was not limited to the west. Great minds are of the nature of the human race. They don’t come around that often. But every century has had a few of them since the eginning of man. And China has had their fair share dating back to the origin of what is China! References Secrets of Lost Empires (The Science Forum 2007) Bodde, Derk (1991). Chinese Thought, Society, and Science. On Shen Kuo. The Needham Research Institute (NRI), home of the Science and Civilization in China project. (www. nasa. gov/vision/space/workinginspace/great_wall. html) (The Franklin Institute, 2012). The Humanities: Culture, Continuity, & Change: Volume 1 Second edition.

Pros and Cons of Intervening in the Syrian Conflict